Benthams version of Utilitarianism Essay

Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that shows the reasons for a person choosing to carry out an action – it justifies an action being for the greater good. Utilitarianism is a teleological theory which means it looks at the consequences or result of an action – to decide whether it is subsequently right or wrong this also makes it a consequentialist theory. The theory of Utilitarianism began with Jeremy Bentham. Bentham’s theory of Utilitarianism is where actions are judged based upon the pleasure gained in the result. Jeremy Bentham was the man who originally thought of and came up with the idea of Utilitarianism, he believed in ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’. There are two types of Utilitarianism; Bentham’s theory is Act Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism is about creating the greatest amount of pleasure in a particular situation through a particular action. Bentham believed and used research to conclude that people would naturally seek pleasure and avoid pain. ‘Nature had placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do as well as to determine what we shall do.’ (Bentham) Bentham truly believed that pleasure was the purest form of good and pain the sole evil; he saw this as moral fact. This is why Bentham is also known as a hedonist. The hedonists were a group of Greek people who sought to find true pleasure; ‘hedone’ means pleasure in Greek, this group included people such as Plato and Aristotle – who agreed that good was found in the greatest happiness. The principle of utility was a way to find out how good or bad an action was, based on its utility (usefulness). An action that creates the most pleasure and the least pain is a useful one and therefore it is good – pain v pleasure. For Bentham good, is the maximum amount of pleasure with the minimum amount of pain afflicted and bad, is pain with little pleasure received. Bentham believed that in any situation a person should think of a solution that will lead to the maximum happiness for the maximum of people. For example, if a man with the cure for cancer and a young child were in a car crash, you would assume to save the life of the child as they are considered to be innocent, however with Bentham’s theory you should do the maximum amount of good for the maximum amount of people, which means you should save the man. By saving the one man you then save thousands, the action of letting the child die is out weighed by the amount of people you have saved if using Bentham’s theory. However Bentham knew that it would be hard to predict the outcome of every situation and know which route to take and so in order to help, he came up with the ‘hedonic calculus’ which you can use to work out which option will produce the greatest amount of pleasure. There are seven factors which you must take into account when choosing what to do in a certain situation; the intensity of the pleasure, the duration of the pleasure, how certain pleasure will be the result, how near the pleasure is to you, how continuous is the pleasure, is there likely to be pain mixed with the pleasure and how widespread will the pleasure be. When faced in a dilemma, Bentham believed that you could chose the ‘good’ option – the option which would do the most amount of good and the least amount of pain. For example, if you are in a plane crash and you could only save one person; your wife, your child or a doctor who has the ability to save many. Bentham believes in this situation you must use ‘the hedonic calculus’ to form a solution to your problem. The doctor could make thousands of lives better and create much more pleasure than if you save the wife or child, however this tough decision would leave you without pleasure. Following Bentham’s utilitarianism you must save the doctor. When a decision has to be made over a moral situation, the hedonic calculus is used. In using the hedonic calculus the individuals involved should be considered by applying the seven factors to them in relation to the options for the choice of action you have. ‘Utilitarianism has no serious weakness’ Discuss It is true that Utilitarianism does have many strengths however it does have weaknesses too. Bentham, Mill, Hare and Singer’s theories each have their own faults. Utilitarianism is very straight forward and easy to understand. It is very natural for a person to consider the outcome and how much pleasure they will gain before going through with an action. It is a principle that aims to bring people happiness this is very appealing for many in societies. Many of the ideas and theories can be related to specific actions and situations and therefore can be helped out in the process of considering what to do in certain places, for example; giving to charity gives happiness to the poor and is good whereas acting cruelly towards someone is bad. The use of Utilitarianism can be carried out universally. Utilitarianism is not dependant on any religion, culture, race or society as it is about a person or groups happiness. This use of utilitarianism is great because it makes people picture and understand other people’s point of view for example; if you were to hit someone then instead of carrying out the action, you would think about the outcome – picture yourself in the other person’s shoes – understand that pain which you would cause and subsequently stop yourself from hurting them. You have to think of other people’s pleasure and pain rather than just your own. This is mainly used in preference utilitarianism as Hare put it ‘standing in someone else’s shoes’. The fact that Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory is both good and bad. It is natural for us to weigh up the consequences of an action before carrying it out however it is never going to be easy to always predict the outcome of an action completely right for example; if you go out to steal to help your family survive but then get caught and arrested then you can no longer carry out the ‘good’ action of helping your family. Utilitarianism may also be argued against because it ignores or seems to ignore the importance of following duties – the act itself may be right or wrong for a reason other than the amount of happiness it produces, for example an old friend is on his death bed and asks you to swear that you will give à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30,000 (all of his money when he dies) to his favourite park he used to visit but on the way to handing over the money you see an advert that says it needs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30,000 to save 10,000 people. Out of duty you must give the money to the park however if you are following Utilitarianism your belief is that the money must going into creating the most good/ happiness which would be saving those 10,000 people. W.D Ross believed it was important for you to follow and carry out your duty. Bentham’s Act utilitarianism although was flexible and relied on the consequences it had no defence for minorities for example; one slave being treated badly but creating happiness for a whole family would be thought of as right. Also it is very impractical having to calculate using the ‘hedonic calculus’ every decision we make. There is also a difficulty defining what pleasure is for example; a paedophile’s pleasure is very different to another person’s. Mill’s Rule utilitarianism is very practical and sets about certain rules for society that must be maintained which can help societies to operate. However there are weaknesses to rule utilitarianism too again there is no defence for minorities or any help at what defines happiness but also this time if you are following rules you could end up obeying them even when more happiness can be created by disobeying them.

Cultural Dimensions Essay

Culture is one of those terms that have no specific definition because of its diverse nature. It can be looked at from any point of view. However, a basic definition that includes all the important aspects of a culture is ‘the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations’ (Webster, 2008). Culture is very important if one wants to study a society. It can tell a lot about different aspects of the society and this is the reason why different countries deal with issues differently. This paper will outline and discuss the cultures of China, Saudi Arabia and United States of America and will show how, because of differences in cultures, issues like strategy, team communications, influence tactics, conflict management etc are dealt differently in these countries. Towards the end, recommendations to avoid cross cultural differences will be outlined. United States of America The population of United States of America is very diverse. It has people from many backgrounds. However in general, the American culture is said to be one of the most individualistic culture in the world. This means that people are less integrated in forms of groups. They do not depend on each other and are more concerned about themselves than about others. The country also has a higher than world average score for masculinity. This means that there is differentiation between genders to some extent in the American culture. On the other hand, the score in power distance dimension shows that there are not many differences in societal levels. This can be seen in organizational, family or governmental settings. People expect that power will be distributed equally to a greater extent even if someone is lower in the level of hierarchy. Besides this, the score on uncertainty avoidance is also lower than the world average. This means that people are tolerant to uncertainty and there are few rules and regulation present to control results (Hofstede, 2003). One important characteristic about the work culture in United States is that hard work and integrity is appreciated and also, punctuality is valued. Both mean and women are expected to dress according to the surroundings, situation and weather. The culture does not promote or support gift giving in business as it may be considered as bribe (International Business Center, 2003). As mentioned above, because of the cultures individualistic nature, privacy is valued. The lifestyle in general is causal and informal. Americans believe in voicing their opinions and although this direct speaking is sometimes considered as rude in other cultures, it is totally normal among Americans (American Graduate Education, 2007). From the above details, we can tell a lot about how issues like strategy, team communications, influence tactics and conflict management get affected. Since people believe in voicing their opinions, the strategy is usually bold. In addition to this, since any kind of strategy requires its actors to put in all the effort they can possible put in. Be it in an organization, government or even in one’s personal life. The team communication is very effective because of the low power distance characteristic and informal nature of the American culture. The belief that the power distributed to everyone is equal and the informal nature in groups inhibits any kind of barrier in effective teamwork. Gift giving or anything close to bribery is considered very insulting and inappropriate therefore this approach is not widely used in influence tactics. Conflict management is usually done openly without an arbitrator or a third party (American Graduate Education, 2007). As mentioned above, Americans believe in voicing their opinions so this plays a major role in conflict management strategies used nationwide. In order to remove the communication barriers, in my opinion, one would not have to change much about himself because of the presence of a diverse cultures in the population. However, it is suggested that English is used to communicate any kind of verbal information as this is understood and accepted by almost everyone (American Graduate Education, 2007). Regarding dressing, one is suggested to dress appropriately considering the time of the day, weather, occasion and gathering. China Now we come to the Chinese culture. The culture of the people of China is very different from the American culture just discussed above and it is said to be the exact opposite of the America culture. In fact, the Chinese culture is very different, unique and peculiar if one compares it with the rest of the cultures in the world. It is difficult to understand for those who are not a part of it however one does not need to completely understand it before blending in (Think Quest, 1998). We will now look into this in detail. We can prove the above hypothesis correct by comparing the individualism dimension of the American and Chinese cultures. Unlike the America culture, the people of china are very collectivistic. They are integrated tightly, they look after each other and they are highly dependable on the people around them. This can be seen in their family structures and organization values etc. Both the Chinese and American cultures are similar when it comes to the Masculinity dimension. They both score approximately 68 on a scale of 1 to 100. This again is higher than the world average which means that there are slightly more differences between genders in the Chinese culture compared to the rest of the world. The uncertainty avoidance is slightly higher than United States which means people are more tolerable to not have complete information as compare to the American culture. The fourth dimension of Power Distance is also quite higher than the United States meaning that people expect more differences in organizational hierarchies. The American score on Power distance was 45 while the Chinese score is 85 therefore one can imagine the amount of differences in the structures of organizations, governmental institutions and families etc. One major difference is in the long term orientation dimension of the two cultures. While the American culture was more on the lower side of this dimension, the Chinese culture is known to have the highest ranking factor when it comes to long term orientation. These means that people tend to overcome obstacles with time and not with will and strength (Hofstede, 2003). Some other important details of the Chinese culture include being used to the communist form of government. The Chinese culture is very hospitable and accepts people from all backgrounds. Since there is no one particular religion that is followed in the country, anyone can adjust easily (International Business Center, 2003). All these cultural characteristics largely influence many issues in business. For instance any strategy usually requires everyone to stick together and work collectively because of the collectivistic nature of the culture and also teamwork is very effective as people realize that they are dependent on each other. However, because of high power distance, both strategy and team communication is affected. Communication within team becomes more broken as it has to be passed through several levels of hierarchy. The cultural values are imbedded in the he influence tactics. For example these tactics project the idea of togetherness as it is evident from their advertisements that promote family ties and bonds etc (Lin, 2001). The approach to conflict management is including a third party to settle issues. In order to remove the communication barriers, a few things need to be kept in mind. Firstly, it is suggested to not use too much of hand movements as this distracts the audience. Besides this, there are other non verbal gestures that must be avoided. For instance pointing finger may be considered rude therefore such things must be kept in mind in order to ensure effective communication. English is understood widely in the corporate world therefore this is preferred after Chinese of course (International Business Center, 2003). Saudi Arabia Now we will start discussion on the culture of the last country of the paper. This country has also been selected to be studied because of its different and unique culture. The Chinese and Arabian Cultures are similar in the power distance dimension of their cultures. Unlike the American Cultures, the high power distance ranking indicates the inequality of wealth throughout the Arab world. Because of this, the rich of course have more power than the poor. The uncertainty avoidance dimension of the Arabian culture is also very different from the Chinese and the American cultures. While the Chinese and Americans ranked lower than world average on the uncertainty avoidance ranking, the Arabian culture has a higher score in this dimension. Meaning that people do not tolerate uncertainty at all and this can be the reason why there are so many rules, policies and regulations are implemented in the country. Surprising as it may sound, the Arabian culture scored low on the masculinity dimension considering all the restrictions on the Arabian women etc. The score was 52 which is only slightly higher than the world average. The reason for low masculinity ranking could be that all the restrictions on the women of the country are because of the religion and not the culture. The Arabian culture, like the Chinese culture, is more collectivistic. It had an average ranking of 38 which is way lower than that of the American culture and also the world average for that matter. This means people prefer to stick together and remain integrated (Hofstede, 2003). The Arabic culture is largely shaped by its history and religion (Saudi Embassy, 2006). Therefore history, religion and language are valued the most in the Arabian culture. These cultural characteristics affect many practical issues. The strategy devised by Arabs in any situation usually calls for people to remain cohesive. Also because of high uncertainty avoidance, there are many rules, regulations and policies that must be followed. Because of high power distance, like the Chinese culture, effective team communication is affected. But on the other hand, this is compensated for because of collective nature of the culture. The influence tactics are devised keeping the religion in mind. Anything such as bribery or use of women models in advertisements are avoided because this is against Islam. Conflicts are also managed according to the rules of Shari’ah which is the Islamic or Sacred Law (Hooker, 1996). Also, because of the collectivistic nature of the culture a third party is often included in managing conflicts. There are many cultural traits that must be kept in mind in order to improve communication. Firstly, one must keep in mind that during communication, anything he says or does not offend or insult Islam. The people are very sensitive when it comes to the religion therefore one must dress, talk and behave appropriately. There are certain non verbal gestures that are considered offensive such as the thumbs up sign and crossing of legs etc. Therefore one should avoid these. Arabic is preferred by the people there therefore it is preferred is one communicates or at least uses some words from Arabic. One must not ask too many questions are the inquisitive one is considered as the most unimportant and lastly, if an Arab offers a gift, not accepting it may be considered offensive (International Business Center, 2003). References American Graduate Education (2007) U. S. American Culture & Values. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from American Graduate Education. Web site: http://www. americangraduateeducation. com/folder2/subfolder2/americanculture. htm Hofstede, G. (2003). China- Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Geert Hofstede. Web site: http://www. geert-hofstede. com/hofstede_china. shtml Hofstede, G. (2003). United States of America- Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Geert Hofstede. Web site: http://www. geert-hofstede. com/hofstede_united_states. shtml Hofstede, G. (2003). Arab World- Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Geert Hofstede. Web site: http://www. geert-hofstede. com/hofstede_arab_world. shtml Hooker, R. (1996) Shari’ah- Sacred law. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Washington State University. Web site: http://www. wsu. edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/SHARIA. HTM International Business Center. (2003). China. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Cybor Link. Web site: http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/china. htm International Business Center. (2003). United States of America. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Cybor Link. Web site: http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/us. htm International Business Center. (2003). Saudi Arabia. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Cybor Link. Web site: http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/saudi-arabia. htm Lin, C, A. (2001) Cultural values reflected in Chinese and American television advertising. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from All Business. Web site: http://www. allbusiness. com/professional-scientific/advertising-related-services/836806-1. html Merriam Webster (2008) Culture. Retrieved 1 Oct, 2008, from Merriam Webster. Web site: http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/culture%5B1%5D Saudi Embassy. (2006) Culture. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Saudi Embassy. Web site: http://www. saudiembassy. net/Country/Culture/Cul. asp Think Quest (1998) Destiny, the Culture of China. Retrieved Oct 1, 2008, from Think Quest. Web site: http://library. thinkquest. org/20443/living. html

Charles Darwin s Impact On The Life And Earth Sciences And On Creative

Besides past resistance, Darwin still faced obstacles in his hypotheses due to the lack of fossils. These fossils are believed to be the compass between an excessively commonplace of animal types. Although the reason behind the conviction and mistrust in Darwin’s speculations are unknown, he amazed the logical world as well as general society and had the capacity to persuade numerous people in the misinformed past conviction. This alone makes Darwin one of the most exceptional individuals in science history.  Ã‚      The hypothesis of development, proposed by Darwin, has been progressively discredited because of its dependence on a doubtful case of unconstrained era, gaps in the fossil record for which advancement needs clarifications, and negating investigative disclosures that upset ideas whereupon evolutionists depended. The truth of the matter is that the fossil record is a quiet affirmation against Darwin 's mistaken hypotheses of the fossil record reporting his concept of ma... ... middle of paper ... ...et worms was known for over a century in both the living fauna and the fossil record. Another key move in creature advancement was the presence of the vertebrates. For over a century, confirmation has been accumulating from anatomy and embryology that the Chordata phylum advanced from the echinoderms. A variety of fossils and living creatures to recount the tale of the move. An illustration of this transitional succession is seen in a gathering of dark spineless creatures called the lancelets. With a notochord, solid tail, gill openings, a digestive tract along the stomach and numerous other chordata highlights, lancelets are the most fish-like spineless creatures known. Set in succession, the acorn worms, tunicates, lancelets and delicate bodied jawless fish demonstrate the complete arrangement of steps expected to develop a vertebrate from an invertebrate ancestor.

Copyright law and Internet downloading, social boundaries and the Essay

Copyright law and Internet downloading, social boundaries and the Internet - Essay Example Downloading information from the Internet and using them in research papers would be simple and easy. It makes a researcher’s work lighter. It even makes research job funnier and interesting. However, there are ethical boundaries in the process of reusing the information. Developing a paper requires proper recognition of sources and not merely copying the statements it contains and merge it with the new document. There are legal implications, as far as copyright laws are concerned, as to how much from the original work one can use and when you can use them freely without the consent of the authors. Review of Literature Copyright Laws Printed materials whether work of art, literatures, or results of research and other scientific activities are products of intellectual endeavors. Their impact in the society cannot be felt unless they are published and shared. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property, and is protected by copyright laws once they are translated into some forms in some way. There are motivations in sharing in fact copyright protection was â€Å"viewed as offering an incentive for the production of artistic, scientific, and other creative content, while permitting the public to access, use and innovate with such creative works.† The World Intellectual Property Organization pioneered the protection mechanisms currently in place. WIPO was first to recognize the importance of protecting intellectual properties by organizing the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1883 and the Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886.

Sport and Recreation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sport and Recreation Management - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the modern world is alive to the fact that work is the key to economic, social, physical, and spiritual well-being. However, even as people focus on their works and relevant activities, they appreciate the significance of free time, recreational time, and leisure time in their endeavors. Indeed, there is a common assertion in the modern world that all work with no play makes Jack a dull boy that advocates for leisure time. Ideally, we can define leisure at any time that an individual spends away from work, entrepreneurship, maintenance activities, family activities, and academic activities. While defining leisure, we refer to time, which includes nondiscretionary time, working time, and leisure time where leisure is discretionary time. Worth noting is that all activities done during leisure time must be necessary and chosen at free will by individuals. In fact, there is a distinction between leisure and unavoidable activities with resp ect to the motive of any activity. More so, there is a difference between leisure and free time since some factors as social pressures may coerce individuals to engage in leisure activities. For instance, the need to keep up with the economic developments achieved by our colleagues may force one to spend leisure time in activities aimed at deriving economic value. In most cases, leisure time comes in small quantities during weekdays where different individuals and countries have diverse opinions on the value of leisure time. In America, many individuals have about 35 to 40 hours of leisure per week. The most common concept of leisure is social leisure that relates to actions pursued in a social setup since the social institution recognizes the significance of leisure. Different social settings determine the time available for leisure where some societies have individuals who value work more than any leisure activity hence deriving little leisure time. In most cases, women have less leisure time compared to men with respect to all leisure components. Ideally, the basic components of leisure include catering, visitor attractions, children’s play activities, sport and physical recreation activities, home-based leisure, countryside recreation activities as well as arts and entertainment.

The integration of Drama Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The integration of Drama - Research Paper Example A separate stream of education called Theatre in Education (TIE) came up after the Second World War (Farrell, 2002). Drama has been established as successful as a correction tool (Okhakhu, & Usrwoma, 2006)   and as an educational tool(James, 2009).The basic philosophy behind using drama as a process based tool in education is that children tend to use experiences and experiments to learn than reading and listening (Booth, 1994). This basic understanding has been further researched and developed into pedagogies catering specifically to the various learning outcomes. The specific learning requirements of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children also demand a free platform to do and experience. Research on curriculum catering for the special needs of children with emotional and behavioural disabilities have suggested that such programmes must mandatorily include â€Å"provision of coursework and educational activities relevant to students’ real-world experiences and go als that include a variety of non traditional curriculum,† and, â€Å"provision of effective programming that facilitates students’ social, emotional, and behavioural growth† (Hughes & Adera, 2006).Drama can ideally include these two criteria. Drama has been found by the educational and physiological as an ideal platform for children to have a free environment to enhance learning. The basic strategy in using drama in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children.... gested that such programmes must mandatorily include â€Å"provision of coursework and educational activities relevant to students’ real-world experiences and goals that include a variety of non traditional curriculum,† and, â€Å"provision of effective programming that facilitates students’ social, emotional, and behavioural growth† (Hughes & Adera, 2006).Drama can ideally include these two criteria. Drama has been found by the educational and physiological as an ideal platform for children to have a free environment to enhance learning. The basic strategy in using drama in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children is to make learners engage in the learning process. The objective of this essay is to analyse the scope of drama as an effective learning tool to be incorporated in the curriculum of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children. Drama as cooperative activity Children with behavioural and emotional disabilities or is sues find it difficult to cope with their peers. They also find it very difficult to place themselves in a classroom environment. Thus the basic problem that behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children face in a classroom is that they encounter with a learning environment which they find difficult to cope up with. In the case of behaviourally and emotionally disturbed children, it is a general observation that apart from class room settings, they find it difficult to social gatherings and avenues of cooperative activities. Researches in Psychotherapy have suggested engaging these students in positive environments involving cooperative activities as one of the remedial measures in tacking behavioural issues. Drama serves as an ideal platform for this. It involves wide varieties of cooperative activities

Organizational culture and values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational culture and values - Essay Example The organizations in discussion are medical institutions. When developing the organization values, a health center should ensure that it aligns with the values of the nurses. Nurses provide vital services to the patients and thus their values should be considered to ensure service delivery is at its level best. One of the core values of nurses is to be compassionate and most of them find themselves being concerned with the development, well-being, and comfortability of the patients (Wooten & Crane, 2003). The organization values should not restrict the nurse from being compassionate since this will cause moral distress to the nursing fraternity within the organization. According to Edmonson (2010), nurses are guided by the urge of learning new developments, therefore, the organizational values should always give the nurses the chances to advance their skills. The medical field is faced with new challenges day-after-day; thus it is beneficial for a nurse to be updated on the emerging issues. Another  nursing  value concerns empathy. Nurses try to relate with the emotions of the patients for them to deliver quality services. It is the responsibility of the organization to ensure that its values do not conflict with the values of the nurses. Patients on the other hand, expect the best services from the nurses as stated in the organization vision, mission, and objectives. Patients, being the customers, require their needs to be met. Nurses, being close to the patients need to be motivated and incorporated in the development of the organizational values, so as to dispense nursing services as is expected from them. It becomes barbaric when a nurse is forced to always consult the management even when dealing with the routine processes. Bureaucracy in the medical field is discouraged since it can result in loss of many lives. As nurses, we communicate with each other and no day passes without communication among nurses. The big question is how

Effect of Incentives on Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effect of Incentives on Employees - Essay Example The concepts of recognition and reward have been found to have close link with incentives. The main purpose of incentives is to increase the motivation of the employees in any organization towards attainment of their specific organizational and performance goals. It also leads to increased motivation to work as a team towards the attainment of a common goal of the members in an organization. In simple words, incentives are rewards and recognition given to an employee beyond their expected salary. (Incentives Get Employees Working) The most common form of incentive is any kind of monetary reward to the employee. Several other kinds of incentives include a free trip, promotion on trail basis, a free holiday, gifts, discount coupons and vouchers. However, these are not the only form of incentives and there are many more, which differ according to the demand of the situation. (Incentives Get Employees Working) Incentives are given to increase the motivation of the employees. Since money has a considerable effect on the increase in the levels of motivation, money is considered to be a great incentive in most, if not all the organizations. There have been a number of studies that have proven that incentives in the form of cash prize have been successful in obtaining the desired outcome from the employees. Not only money, but several other incentives have also proven to be effective. However, it's not in all the cases that incentives such as money, will defiantly lead to the desired outcome or attainment of organizational goals. Not all the incentives lead to satisfaction in the employees. There are several reasons for this, the first being disappearance of intrinsic or intangible incentives, followed by hierarchy of needs and saturation level. Absence of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Incentive When behaviour is followed with the greed in mind solely for extrinsic rewards, then the performance decreases. For instance, a doctor who did his job because he liked helping people, now does it with only one purpose of gaining more money, would charge more and work less. This reduces his performance; however his extrinsic incentive has risen. This equally applies to employees as well. In some cases, also if the employee gains more satisfaction by intrinsic rewards, then extrinsic incentives will not lead to increased motivation and vice versa. (Management Implications of the Interaction between Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Rewards) Hierarchy of Needs According to Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, every individual has needs that are set in levels of hierarchy. When the first level is achieved, the individual moves on to the second level of his needs. However, while he is struggling to achieve his second level of need, if the individual is given the first level of need, it doesn't motivate the individual at all. When applying this to any organization, incentives could at times cause dissatisfaction in the employee leading to decrease in performance. For instance, if an individual's current need is to buy a car and he puts all his efforts to attain the goals of the organization

CREBP Mutation Schematic Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CREBP Mutation Schematic - Lab Report Example The kinase pathways, in essence, induce phosphorylation of a single residue SER133 (Salks Institute, Undated) on CREB to activate it. There is evidence of four such kinase pathways - cAMP-dependent protein kinase, multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ribosome S6 kinase and - and calmodulin-dependent kinases (CAMKs) (Euskirchen, G., et al, 2004). The phosphorylated CREB attracts coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP or CREBBP ) which allows the activated phosphorylated CREB to bind to cAMP-responsive element (CRE) sequences on DNA to initiate gene expression (Thiel, G., et al, 2005). CBP coactivator work is often copied by its paralog p300, a highly related transcriptional coactivator protein targeted by the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A (Brody, T.B., 1996). This is still not a very clear process as much has yet to be known about the mechanism by which CBP binds to the phosphorylated CREB and subsequently promotes gene transcription. For gene transcription to take place a polymerase complex must be recruited, it must then be subsequently isomerized and cleared to transcribe the target gene (Kim, J., et al, 2000). There is evidence that the phsophorylated CREB, after binding with CBP, also recruits a RNA(2) polymerase complex to initiate transcription on CRE elements on target genes in various cells and tissues (Kim, J., et al, 2000). There is much that has been cleared in this direction by the research efforts of Kim et al, 2000, yet more has to be done before any definite conclusions can be reached. The paper now focuses on the molecular and genetic identity of CBP so that the next section on possible mutations on the protein can be better understood. Nevertheless, it is noted here that CREB activity is triggered off by diverse factors such as growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, ion fluxes and stress signals (Euskirchen, G., et al, 2004), all of which help recruit the protein. CBP action is initiated through heterodimerization of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domains (Euskirchen, G., et al, 2004). Its action via gene transcription is also very diverse and the number of genes it helps express is also >100. Thus, mutations in CREBBP or CREB binding protein have numerous implications.The CREB Binding Protein (CBP or CREBBP) CBP is encoded in DNA sequences on human chromosome 16 at 16p13.3 (CREBBP, GeneCard, 2006). Gene location is from GC16M003716 to GC16M003870. The sequence starts at 3,716,568 bp from p terminal and ends at 3,870,723 bp from p terminal making up a sequence of size 154,155 bases with a minus strand orientation (CREBBP, GeneCard, 2006). The human CBP is made up of 2442 amino acid sequences and is 265337 Daltons in molecular weight (CREBBP, GeneCard, 2006). A rough domain count of the protein sequences is available for isoform 'a'. These are as per Table 1 and Diagram 1, Appendix, sourced from Giles et al, 1997, Fig. 3 and 4 respectively. As can be observed from both the table and the diagram, there are 11 distinct domains. This is not exhaustive as there are many regions on the total CREBBP (human) DNA sequence that have not been mapped according to function

CPP Model Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CPP Model Development - Essay Example Church planting models provide meaningful contexts within which starters can locate organized data, imaginative interpretation of the objectives, corroboration, criticism and anticipated outcomes. The process of planting viable churches require clear understanding of the task, proper analysis of the requirements in the light of research and experience, making an overall plan for task accomplishment, gathering the vital resources, executing the plan and learning from experience3. Time schedule is a critical requirements and should be prepared prior to beginning church services4. The meeting schedule for the church will be tabled and placed well for public access. There will be a one big mass on every Sunday beginning from 0800h to 1300h. During Sundays afternoon, Bible study groups will be meeting in the church for Bible discussions. The pastor will hold one-hour daily morning devotions between Monday and Friday. The time for morning devotion will be between 00600h and 00700h. The church hall will be open on Saturdays from 00700h to 2200h for the believers who want to hold private prayers. The pastor will be available for consultation on church-related matters on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1600h to 2000h. The church will host free guidance and cancelling services for people of all ages on Saturdays between 1400h and 1900h at the church’s guidance and counselling unit. The starter recognises the fact that different people experience various special feelings from a particular style of music. Therefore, different styles of church music draw different people closer to God5. The main styles of music the church will adopt include scripture choruses, contemporary Christian music and children’s songs in order to satisfy various generations that will be attending the church services. The location selected for the church planting is Mexico, in North America. The churches in the Mexico are not adequate to serve the vast population of the region as

Nike †SWOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

Nike – SWOT Analysis Essay STRENGTHS Nike is a very competitive. It has a huge and healthy dislike of its competitors. At Atlanta Olympics, its competitor Reebok went on expense of sponsoring the games but Nike didn’t take this step. It sponsored top athletes and gained much coverage. Nike does not have factories. It does not let its cash to tie up in buildings and manufacturing employees. This model makes it a very lean organization. They manufacture high quality product at a location which offers low prices. If price gets increased, it shifts to other production location. Nike has a very strong research and development area which can be seen in its innovative product range. Nike is a global brand. It is at top position in sport brand in the World. Its famous â€Å"Swoosh† logo is instantly recognizable by people. Nike is a very professional company. It has offices in 45 different countries. It offers products all over the world. It is a fortune 500 company. It has very strong marketing campaign that increases the familiarity of its brand. It employs over 30,000 employees across the world. It has got its retail chain Niketown. It has taken initiatives in many different branding opportunities and resulted in impressive outcomes. It provides lightweight shoes by using lunarlite materials. (Nike SWOT Analysis) WEAKNESS Though Nike has varied range of sports products but still its business’s income is depends heavily on the share of footwear market it has got. So, in case its market share decreases, it can leave the company becomes vulnerable to come down. Though Nike has got its own retailer: Niketown, its huge part of income comes from selling into retailers. And retail sector is very sensitive as well. Retailers also provide same set of experiences to customers. So, the profit margin will get affected if retailers try to sell off the products at lower prices. It has got charges against labor violations; experienced bad publicity with issues of sweatshops and practicing unethical patterns has degraded its image to some extent. Its  history involves the violations of minimum wage rates in Vietnam. For cheaper prices, it has been charged for exploiting workforces which will be employed at lower price in overseas countries. It’s been accused of providing poor working conditions to the workers. It gets constant negative criticism from anti-globalization groups. Its production is carried out at a cheaper location, so majorly it happens outside U.S. But this practice is not considered good in U.S. (Swot Analysis Nike) (Nike SWOT Analysis) OPPORTUNITY 1. The development of product range offers Nike many opportunities. Though Nike owners don’t consider its brand as a fashionable one but its customers consider it so. They don’t buy it for sports activities only. It has become a fashion trademark among customers especially the youth. This creates huge opportunities for Nike as the product could come under unfashionable tag before it wears out i.e. shoes gets replaced by the customers. 2. Opportunity also lies in developing sports wears, sunglasses and jewellery. These high end valued items will surely get associated with their mainline products. 3. It can develop its business internationally which can give strength to its global brand recognition. There are many emerging countries like China and India which offers disposable income to be spent on high value sports products. These countries have growing number of customers especially the working population. 4. There are many global sports events such as the World cup (So ccer) and the Olympics, which can be used as global marketing events. They can support the brand of the company. 5. Company can extend its reach in trendy and fashionable industry where not only Athletes but general population is also targeted. 6. There is a scope of new sponsorships. These new sponsors usually have successful ways to brandize an organization. 7. It can create new products by using waste from usual manufacture. 8. It can expand into jewellery and sunglasses items. 9. It can change its product development strategy with change in trends. 10. It can reduce controversy occurring around its business practices. (SWOT Analysis Nike, Inc.) THREATS 1. Nike has its business in several countries i.e. it is been exposed to international behavior of trade. It manufactures and sells in different  currencies. Hence costs and profit margin will fluctuate over a longer period of time. This nature of trade can put Nike on loss side. 2. The market of sports shoes is very competitive. Hence the business model developed by the owners of Nike is no longer in use. It needs to come up with a sustainable model so as to remain in the race. 3. Market is flooded with competitors who are developing alternative brands to take Nike’s market share. 4. As we have observed that retail sector is very competitive. This means customers have got lot of options available at one’s end. So if one store charges a price for a product, consumer can go to other store if that store is selling the same quality price at lower rates. Hence price sensitivity is a huge threat to Nike. 5. A global business usually experiences hiccups because abroad busin ess operations are exposed to risks of fluctuations in currencies, quotas, safeguard measures, restrictions in trades and terrorism. 6. Its exposed to risks associated with importing costs because of international barriers 7. It needs to maintain reputation as one of the eco-friendly organizations. 8. It is difficult for them to manage financial conditions in today’s economy. 9. Its association with Kobe Bryant. 10. It’s been accused for unfair labor practices. (Nike SWOT Analysis) Works Cited Nike SWOT Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.teamonedesign.com: www.teamonedesign.com/aio/mk/Nike_SWOT_Analysis.doc Swot Analysis Nike. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com: http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.html SWOT Analysis Nike, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.marketingteacher.com: http://www.marketingteacher.com/swot/nike-swot.html#

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay Example for Free

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay The research question that this report is going to discuss is â€Å"What is the relationship between concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the rate of diffusion? † My hypothesis for this research question is that change in rate of diffusion will be observed when the agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used, I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from green to pink when exposed to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks, I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with equal dimensions of 3. 0cm by 1. 0cm by 0. 5cm. Then I prepared 5 different concentrations of HCl with equal volume of 5cm^3 in test tubes, which were 0. 0M. 0. 2M, 0. 4M, 0. 6M, 0. 8M and finally 1. 0M of HCl. Then, I placed the agar blocks into respective test tubes, measuring the time taken for the agar blocks to turn from green to completely pink. This was repeated 2 more times, having 3 set of readings in total. The results collected showed an increasing trend in the rate of diffusion as the concentration of HCl increased. This clearly supported the hypothesis I derived at. (227 words) ? Content Page Abstract2 Content Page3 Introduction4 Research question:4 Hypothesis:4 Introduction (2)5 Literature Review5 Methodology6 Results8 Results (2)9 Discussion10 Limitations11 Improvements11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ? Introduction Research question: How does change in concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of diffusion through the agar blocks which contain starch stained with universal indicator, while keeping surrounding temperature, the surface area to volume ratio of agar blocks used and the volume of solution to which the agar blocks were placed constant? Hypothesis: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created ? Introduction (2) Literature Review Diffusion is known as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient. There are few factors that affect the rate of diffusion, the time taken for both regions to have equal amount of particles. One of them is temperature. It is known that temperature has the greatest effect on diffusion rates and is the easiest of the factors to change. Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. This is because particles with more energy can move to the region of lower concentration with more speed and more easily. Similarly, lowering the temperature will lower the diffusion rate by lowering the energy of each particle. Another important factor that changes the rate of diffusion is the concentration gradient, which we will be exploring in this experiment. The rate of diffusion depends on the difference between concentrations across the region of lower concentration and higher concentration, with steeper concentration differences resulting in higher diffusion rates (Simon 2013). This can be explained by Fick’s Law, which can be summarised by this equation: Rate of diffusion is proportional to(surface area x difference in concentration )/(Length of diffusion path). From the equation derived from Fick’s Law, it is clearly seen that the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) will increase the rate of diffusion (Michael Kent 2000). This theory can be used to explain real life situations, like how human lungs take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide in a split second. It is due to the great difference in concentrations of both gases (very steep concentration gradient) that allows relatively fast rate of diffusion. For instance, when breathing in, the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is very high compared to that in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Thus, rate of diffusion is great, allowing oxygen to diffuse as fast as possible. (BBC 2013) Methodology Table 1.1-Table of variables and how it is controlled VariablesDetails of variablesHow it is controlled Independent VariableConcentration of HClConcentration of HCl is controlled by the amount of distilled water added to HCl. For example, in order to achieve a concentration of 0. 2 moldm^(-3), 1. 0 cm^3 of 1 mol of HCl is added, with 4 cm^3 of distilled water added. Dependent VariableRate of Diffusion The time is taken by a stopwatch until the agar blo ck turns pink in colour completely. Controlled VariableTemperature of the surrounding Surface area to volume ratio of the agar blocks Volume of solution to place the agar blocks into. Temperature is set at an air-conditioned room in a Biology lab The agar blocks are cut into same length, same breadth and same height (3. 0 cm by 1. 0 cm by 0. 5cm), thus having the same volume and surface area. This ensures the ratio is the same. The volume of solutions used is kept the same at 5. 0cm^3. Table 1. 2-Apparatus used in the experiment Apparatus QuantityUncertainty 2% Starch Agar (Universal Indicator stained) 1. 0 M Hydrochloric Acid (aq) Deionized Water Stop Watch2 ±0. 01s This might be due to the inaccurate cutting of the dimension of the agar blocks. It could also be due to our inability to decide whether the agar blocks have turned completely green to pink in colour. Thus, the calculated rate of diffusion could have changed. Limitations Some of the results were not as accurate as it was difficult to see whether the agar blocks have turned entirely pink in colour. Some of the agar blocks still had strips of green in them when we removed it from the solution and cut it. This could have affected the time taken for the agar blocks to turn entirely pink and thus, affecting the rate of diffusion. The temperature of the solutions containing the agar blocks might not be constant throughout the whole experiment. This can be due to holding of test tubes with our hands and also putting it down again several times. The heat from the hand might get transferred and the temperature might be altered. This can affect the time taken for the agar blocks to turn completely pink, as higher temperature induce faster rate of diffusion. Some of the results are not very accurate as the surface area to volume ratio was not constant for all the agar blocks tested. One of the reasons is due to the limited amount of agar blocks that were allocated for each bench. Another reason is that it was difficult to use the knife provided to cut the agar blocks in a straight manner and as accurately. This limitation can affect the time taken for agar blocks to turn pink, followed by the rate of diffusion, as some blocks are bigger while some are smaller than the others. Improvements In order to make sure that the agar blocks have turned entirely pink, use a light and put it in a white background where the colour changed is more visible. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Place the test tubes in a water bath where the temperature can be kept constant at the temperature of tap water. This way, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Lastly, use a stamp with all the desirable dimension of the agar blocks measured. This way, not only is it convenient, it also helps us acquire the accurate dimensions of the agar blocks, having the same surface area to volume ratio for all the agar blocks. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Conclusion In conclusion, the readings and the derived results in the form of tables, and line graph support my hypothesis, which is: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. With the derived conclusion, it shows that in order for rate of diffusion to be greater, higher concentration of the solution must be used, so that the concentration gradient is steeper.

Causes and Effect Diagrams in Quality Management

Causes and Effect Diagrams in Quality Management CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRM IN INDUSTRY Definition of Cause Effect Diagram The cause effect diagram is the brainchild of Kaoru Ishikawa, who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management. The cause and effect diagram is used to explore all the potential or real causes (or inputs) that result in a single effect (or output). Causes are arranged according to their level of importance or detail, resulting in a depiction of relationships and hierarchy of events. This can help you search for root causes, identify areas where there may be problems, and compare the relative importance of different causes. Causes in a cause effect diagram are frequently arranged into four major categories. While these categories can be anything, you will often see: manpower, methods, materials, and machinery (recommended for manufacturing) equipment, policies, procedures, and people (recommended for administration and service). These guidelines can be helpful but should not be used if they limit the diagram or are inappropriate. The categories you use should suit your needs. At SkyMark, we often create the branches of the cause and effect tree from the titles of the affinity sets in a preceding affinity diagram. The CE diagram is also known as the fishbone diagram because it was drawn to resemble the skeleton of a fish, with the main causal categories drawn as bones attached to the spine of the fish, as shown below. The fishbone diagram, as originally drawn by Kaoru Ishikawa, is the classic way of displaying root causes of an observed effect Cause effect diagrams can also be drawn as tree diagrams, resembling a tree turned on its side. From a single outcome or trunk, branches extend that represent major categories of inputs or causes that create that single outcome. These large branches then lead to smaller and smaller branches of causes all the way down to twigs at the ends. The tree structure has an advantage over the fishbone-style diagram. As a fishbone diagram becomes more and more complex, it becomes difficult to find and compare items that are the same distance from the effect because they are dispersed over the diagram. With the tree structure, all items on the same causal level are aligned vertically. History Ishikawa diagram, in fishbone shape, showing factors of Equipment, Process, People, Materials, Environment and Management, all affecting the overall problem. Smaller arrows connect the sub-causes to major causes. Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s, who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management. It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of the seven basic tools of quality control. It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton. Mazda Motors famously used an Ishikawa diagram in the development of the Miata sports car, where the required result was Jinba Ittai or Horse and Rider as One. The main causes included such aspects as touch and braking with the lesser causes including highly granular factors such as 50/50 weight distribution and able to rest elbow on top of drivers door. Every factor identified in the diagram was included in the final design. The Cause Effect (CE) diagram, also sometimes called the ‘fishbone diagram, is a tool for discovering all the possible causes for a particular effect. The effect being examined is normally some troublesome aspect of product or service quality, such as a machined part not to specification, delivery times varying too widely, excessive number of bugs in software under development, and so on, but the effect may also relate to internal processes such as high rate of team failures. The major purpose of the CE Diagram is to act as a first step in problem solving by generating a comprehensive list of possible causes. It can lead to immediate identification of major causes and point to the potential remedial actions or, failing this, it may indicate the best potential areas for further exploration and analysis. At a minimum, preparing a CE Diagram will lead to greater The CE Diagram was invented by Professor Kaoru Ishikawa of Tokyo University, a highly regarded Japanese expert in quality management. He first used it in 1943 to help explain to a group of engineers at Kawasaki Steel Works how a complex set of factors could be related to help understand a problem. CE Diagrams have since become a standard tool of analysis in Japan and in the West in conjunction with other analytical and problem-solving tools and techniques. CE Diagrams are also often called Ishikawa Diagrams, after their inventor, or Fishbone Diagrams because the diagram itself can look like the skeleton of a fish. Typical categories are: The 4 Ms (used in manufacturing) understanding of the problem. Machine (Technology) Method (Process/Inspection) Material (Raw, Consumables etc.) Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions The 8 Ps (used in service industry) Product=Service Price Place Promotion People Process Physical Evidence Productivity Quality The 4 Ss (used in service industry) Surroundings Suppliers Systems Skills More Ms Mother Nature (Environment) Measurement (Inspection) Maintenance Money Power Management Why Use a Cause Effect Diagram? A cause effect diagram helps to determine the causes of a problem or quality characteristic using a structured approach. It encourages group participation and utilizes team knowledge of the process. It uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram cause-and-effect relationships. It increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they relate. It indicates possible causes of variation in a process and identifies areas where data should be collected for further study. Example of cause effect diagram How to draw CE diagram in industries This is a three step process. Step 1 Write down the effect to be investigated and draw the backbone arrow to it. In the example shown below the effect is Incorrect deliveries. Step 2 Identify all the broad areas of enquiry in which the causes of the effect being investigated may lie. For incorrect deliveries the diagram may then become: For manufacturing processes, the broad areas of enquiry which are most often used are Materials (raw materials), Equipment (machines and tools), Workers (methods of work), and Inspection (measuring method). Step 3 This step requires the greatest amount of work and imagination because it requires you (or you and your team) to write in all the detailed possible causes in each of the broad areas of enquiry. Each cause identified should be fully explored for further more specific causes which, in turn, contribute to them. You continue this process of branching off into more and more directions until every possible cause has been identified. The final result will represent a sort of a mind dump of all the factors relating to the effect being explored and the relationships between them. Different types of CE Diagram There are three different types of CE Diagram. The basic type explained above is called the Dispersion analysis type. The other two are the Production process classification type and the Cause enumeration type. Production classification type This type differs from the basic type above in that each discrete stage in the production process leading up to the effect being examined is shown along the main arrow or backbone of the diagram. Possible causes are then shown as branches off these as shown in the illustration overleaf. This type of CE Diagram is often easier to construct and understand because those involved are already familiar with each of the production steps identified. Cause enumeration type This is not so much a different type of diagram but a different method of constructing a diagram. Instead of building up a chart gradually (starting with the backbone, deciding broad areas, then adding more and more branches), you postpone drawing the chart and simply list all the possible causes first. Then draw the chart in order to relate the causes to each other. This method has the advantage that the list of possible causes will be more comprehensive because the process has a more free-form nature. The disadvantage is that it is more difficult to draw the diagram from this list rather than from scratch. This method of drawing a CE Diagram can be used in conjunction with Brainstorming by using it to distil the brainstorm output down into a logical and useable set of information. Good and bad CE diagrams A good CE diagram is one which explores all possibilities so it is likely to be large and complex-looking as twig after twig sprouts for each new related idea noted down. Be suspicious of CE Diagrams with few factors, or which are neat and well ordered. These may reflect a lack of knowledge of the situation, or show that the effort to draw the diagram was not creative and exhaustive enough. The cause and effect diagram can also be drawn with right angles, which makes it less tangled, and easier to see what layer of causality is being considered at any given time. How to Use the Tool in cause and effect diagram : Follow these steps to solve a problem with a Cause and Effect Diagram: 1. Identify the problem: Write down the exact problem you face in detail. Where appropriate identify who is involved, what the problem is, and when and where it occurs. Write the problem in a box on the left hand side of a large sheet of paper. Draw a line across the paper horizontally from the box. This arrangement, looking like the head and spine of a fish, gives you space to develop ideas. 2. Work out the major factors involved: Next identify the factors that may contribute to the problem. Draw lines off the spine for each factor, and label it. These may be people involved with the problem, systems, equipment, materials, external forces, etc. Try to draw out as many possible factors as possible. If you are trying to solve the problem as part of a group, then this may be a good time for some brainstorming. Using the Fish bone analogy, the factors you find can be thought of as the bones of the fish. 3. Identify possible causes: For each of the factors you considered in stage 2, brainstorm possible causes of the problem that may be related to the factor. Show these as smaller lines coming off the bones of the fish. Where a cause is large or complex, then it may be best to break the it down into sub-causes. Show these as lines coming off each cause line. 4. Analyze your diagram: By this stage you should have a diagram showing all the possible causes of your problem that you can think of. Depending on the complexity and importance of the problem, you can now investigate the most likely causes further. This may involve setting up investigations, carrying out surveys, etc. These will be designed to test whether your assessments are correct. There are three main applications of cause-and-effect diagrams in industries: 1. Cause enumeration is one of the most widely used graphical techniques for quality control and improvement. Sometime it may be very difficult to determine the primary causes to be included in the diagram. If that is the case, after we have determined the characteristic or effect we are examining, we follow these steps: †¢ Use brainstorming to create a list of all the possible causes. The list will contain a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary (or big bone, middle sized bone and small bone) causes. †¢ Sort the list by grouping causes that are related. †¢ Identify or name each major grouping and make your cause-and-effect diagram. (Thus cause enumeration facilitates the identification of root causes because all conceivable causes are listed.) †¢ Machine, Manpower, Material, Measurement, Method and Environment are frequently used major causes that can apply to many processes. 2. In Dispersion analysis, each major cause is thoroughly analyzed by investigating the sub-causes and their impact on the quality characteristics (or effect) in question. The key to this diagrams effectiveness lies in the reiteration of the question, Why does this dispersion (cause) occur? This diagram helps us outlining the reasons for any variability, or dispersion. Unlike cause enumeration where smaller causes that are considered insignificant are still listed, in dispersion analysis, causes that dont fit the selected categories are not listed. In other words, sometimes small causes are not isolated or observed. Consequently, it is possible that some root causes will not be identified in dispersion analysis. 3. When cause-and-effect diagrams are constructed for process analysis, the emphasis is on listing the causes in the sequence in which the operations are actually conducted. The advantage of this diagram is that, since it follows the sequence of the production process, it is easy to assemble and understand. The disadvantage is that similar causes appear again and again, and causes due to a combination of more than one factor are difficult to illustrate. Fishbone diagram Uses of cause effect diagram in industries:- Use your diagram to develop a common understanding of the factors potentially influencing or causing a quality problem. Use your diagram as a road map for collecting data to verify the causal relationship of various factors to the characteristic. Continue to annotate and modify your diagram as you verify relationships and learn more. Using a cause-and-effect diagram this way will help you to see which factors in your process need to be checked, modified or eliminated Example The example below shows a Cause Effect diagram drawn by a manager who is having trouble getting cooperation from a branch office If the manager had not thought the problem through, he might have dealt with the problem by assuming that people were being difficult. Instead he might think that the best approach is to arrange a meeting with the Branch Manager. This would allow him to brief the manager fully, and talk through any problems that he may be facing. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Fishbone diagrams permit a thoughtful analysis that avoids overlooking any possible root causes for a need. The fishbone technique is easy to implement and creates an easy†to†understand visual representation of the causes, categories of causes, and the need. By using a fishbone diagram, you are able to focus the group on the Ê ºbig pictureÊ º as to possible causes or factors influencing the problem/need. Even after the need has been addressed, the fishbone diagram shows areas of weakness that † once exposed † can be rectified before causing more sustained difficulties. DISADVANTAGES The simplicity of a fishbone diagram can be both its strength and its weakness. As a weakness, the  simplicity of the fishbone diagram may make it difficult to represent the truly interrelated nature of problems and causes in some very complex situations. Unless you have an extremely large space on which to draw and develop the fishbone diagram, you may find that you are not able to explore the cause and effect relationships in as much detail as you would like to.

The Eye of the World :: essays research papers

The Eye of the World is the first book of the â€Å"The Wheel of Time† series which is already on its tenth book. Robert Jordan has followed the footsteps of J.R.R. Tolkien. Here he dominated the magical world that Tolkien had revealed in his â€Å"Lord of the Rings†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For us to understand this book clearly, an introduction is needed. It says that the so-called wheel of time is a wheel that rotates as time passes. Because of this wheel, ages come and go, leaving memories that become legend. Sometimes legends fades into myth which is long forgotten when the age that left it returns again. But the Aes Sedai remember what men forget. The Aes Sedai are those chosen individuals that can channel to the True Source. This True Source is the source of power. The male Sedai channel to the Saidin form of the source while the women channel to the Saidir form of the source. But due to a war very long ago, Saidin was tainted by the dark forces resulting for the men to go crazy or die if they channel. This is why only female Sedai are in the book. A champion of the war, Lews Therin Telamon ( the Dragon), trapped the Forsaken (Aes Sedai who went to the dark side) and Shaitan (Drak One) but became crazy. After his death, it was prophesized that a Dragon Reborn would be born and lead the forces of light. The first book narrates the adventure of three boys, namely Rand Al’Thor, Matrim Cauthon, and Perrin Aybara. Strangers have come to the Two Rivers during the Bel Tine holiday, and the three boys are all happy to live in peace with their families. With the mysterious travelers come strange stories of war and of a man named Logain, who claims to be the Dragon Reborn, the one prophesized to save the world, and also to destroy it in his madness. On the night before Bel Tine, Trollocs come and ransack the village where the young men live. Together with the mysterious Moiraine, an Aes Sedai, and Lan, a warder, the young men escape with a few other companions into the night and make their way toward Tar Valon, the city of the Aes Sedai. Dangers, such as Darkfriends, appear from many corners. Because of this, it becomes difficult to know who to trust. The boys can't escape the Dark One easily, for not only do his minions relentlessly pursue them, the Dark One even invades their dreams .

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering :: Technology

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering The use of the computer has had a positive impact on manufacturing engineering in many ways. Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. The term engineer denotes a person who has received professional training in pure and applied sciences. The first and biggest positive impact on engineering has been the use of Computer Numerical Control machines (CNC); computers were first introduced to these controls in the early 1970’s. CNC machines typically replace or work in conjunction with some existing manufacturing process. For example before CNC machines a person using a drill press to machine holes would have to do a lot of work for themselves. They would have to place a drill in the drill chuck is secured in the spindle of the drill press. They can then select the desired speed for rotation, and activate the spindle. Then they manually pull on the quill lever to drive the drill into the work piece being machined. As you can see, there are a lot of manual steps required to use a drill press to drill holes. While this way may be acceptable for a small number of holes or parts. However, as quantities grow, so dose the likelihood for fatigue due to the tediousness of the operation. There are also more complicated machin ing operations that would require a much higher skill level of the person running the machining tool. The CNC machining center can be programmed to perform this operation in a much more automatic fashion. Everything that the drill press operator was doing manually will now be done by the CNC machine, including: placing the drill in the spindle, activating the spindle, positioning the work piece under the drill, machining the hole, and turning off the spindle. CNC works from a source code made on a computer that you just save as a file on your disk and insert it into the machine. The code can be made using two different ways, the first is just understanding the code, and by using the notepad program on you computer, you can just type it right out. This is the easiest way for very simple process, which doesn’t require much code. The second way is by using computer aided drafting (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) programs on your computer.

Marianne Moores Life Essay -- Biographies Biography Poetry Writers Es

Marianne Moore's Life Marianne Moore was born on November 15, 1887 in Kirkwood, Missouri. Her father, who was an engineer, suffered a mental breakdown before her birth and was hospitalized before she could meet him. Moore lived with her mother, her brother, and her grandfather in Missouri until her grandfather’s death in 1894. Moore’s mother moved the family briefly to Pittsburgh and then to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Moore attended Metzger Institute through high school and then enrolled at Bryn Mawr College in 1905. At Bryn Mawr Moore she published poems in two of the school’s literary magazines: Tipyn O’Bob and the Lantern. She majored in history, law, and politics, and graduated in 1909. After graduating Moore took secretarial courses at Carlisle Commercial College and then taught bookkeeping, stenography, typing, commercial English, and law. [i] In 1915 Moore began to publish poems professionally. Moore first published seven poems in the Egoist, which was a London magazine edited by Hilda Doolittle. Four poems were published in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse. Five of her poems were published in Others. In 1916 Moore moved with her mother to Chatham, New Jersey, to live with her brother, who was a Presbyterian minister. When he joined the Navy in 1918 Moore and her mother moved to Manhattan. It was at this time that she became friendly with other artists such as Alfred Kreymborg, photographer Alfred Stieglitz, poets Wallace Stevens and William Carlos Williams. H.D., T.S. Eliot, and Ezra Pound also esteemed her. In 1920 Moore’s work began to appear in the distinguished pro-modernist magazine, the Dial. From 1921 until 1925 Moore worked as an assistant in the Hudson Park branch of the... ...] Marianne Moore Chronology, http://mam.english.sbc.edu/TSE.html [xiv] Engel Works Cited Books: Elizabeth W. Joyce, Cultural Critique and Abstraction (London: Associated University Press 1998) Charles Molesworth, Marianne Moore: A Literary Life. (New York: Atheneum Publishing Company, 1990) Websites: Elaine Oswald and Robert L. Gale, On Marianne Moore’s Life and Career, (Modern American Poetry). http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/moore/life.html Bernard F. Engel, Marianne Moore, (Heath Online Instructor’s Guide) April 13, 2004. http://college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/moore.html Marianne Moore, (Academy of American Poets) April 13, 2004. http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?45442B7C000C0F02; Marianne Moore Chronology, http://mam.english.sbc.edu/TSE.html

Maria Full Of Grace Essay

Maria is a spirited seventeen years old who lives in a small town in Colombia. She works for very low wages at a large industrial rose plantation. Maria comes from a family of four who desperately depend on her every paycheck just to get by in life. After so many years of working and struggling, she becomes dissatisfied with her life. Maria begins to seek more out of their daily routines. She makes drastic decisions out of desperation for a new life. Maria quits her job when her supervisor refuses to let her go to the bathroom. This was a point of finally letting go of what makes her miserable. Although, everyone around her is not as determined as she is for a better life, she continues to look for more. After an argument with her boss, she decided to quit her job in hopes for something better, more exciting. She decides to finally follow her heart and make a change. Maria later on goes to find out she is pregnant from her boyfriend. While her boyfriend purposes to her after hearing the news, she declines after realizing he doesn’t even love her. Maria is looking for something new, but marriage is not the answer. She notices how miserable her sister is with a baby and the idea doesn’t settle in with her. The situation only makes her look for something different. In the process of looking for a new job in Bogota, Maria comes into contact with a friend she met in a party the night before. Franklin sensed that she wanted to do something different, so he tells her about a job as a drug mule. From what they were talking about Franklin saw that she was tired of her everyday life. A drug mule is someone who carries drugs into another country. While knowing the risks, Maria unhesitatingly accepts after hearing the pay and opportunity of going somewhere other than Colombia. This shows that Maria knows what she wants; she is willing to accept anything out of her norm. She later meets with Javier, the one in charge of the operation. As he deliberately explains the risks, confidentiality, and pay of carrying drugs to America, she consciously accepts the offer. To Maria she sees this as a way out of her regular routine, and a chance to be somewhere new. She secretly speaks with Lucy, another girl who has carried drugs to America and survived all the dangers of the work for an insight of the job. During the process Maria has to swallow 62 nuggets of heroin sealed with latex and dental floss. In New York, Maria is stopped at the airport in suspicion that she is smuggling drugs. They intimidatingly interview her in an isolated room, questioning her and scolding her about why she is in New York from Colombia. During the whole interview with immigration, Maria remains calm, showing a sense of courage. After knowing the possibilities of getting caught, she persists with the x-ray they demand, to verify that she is in fact not smuggling drugs. Prior to the x-ray they take a urine test, watching her as she urinates into the cup to prove it is really her urine. When the officers receive the urine test, they find out that Maria is pregnant, and because of that they aren’t able to proceed with the x-ray. She saw this as a sign from god, as if someone was watching over her. Maria exits the airport where there are two men in a van waiting for her. In the process of retrieving the drugs from her body and from the two other girls, Lucy gets ill. When a nugget brakes in your stomach, you will eventually die, so to save the drugs the two men cut her stomach open to retrieve the drugs. Maria awakes to see the two men carry Lucy out of the hotel room. This was the first time Maria has panicked because she felt that Blanca and herself have to pay, so they run away. Maria shows leadership because she decides they need to go, and what they need to do. After running they realize the danger they were going to put their families into so they decided to contact the two men to return the drugs. Maria and her friend meet up with the men, with a lot of courage after running away from the drug dealers, and returning the drugs to receive payment. Their job is done and they are okay to go back home. While in the airport waiting for her flight to board she thinks about going back to her miserable ways. She thought about her baby, and the opportunities her baby will have in America. After thinking about it thoroughly, Maria makes the biggest decision of her life, and that is to stay in America. Maria shows how courageous and determined she is to forge a new life for herself no matter the cost. She comes close to encountering death, danger, betrayal, and violence in this process of finding herself and what she wants. Maria fights for her escape and frees herself, standing alone just as when she started this adventure. Maria breaks her norm and now will give her child the life she always wished for. She can finally close that chapter in her life, and start over new.

Emerson’s Essay On Heroism Essay

The first and closely important implicit question in this statement is by what standards Emerson is judging a triggermanand whether it even matters, as he seems to be saying that a torpedo is a hero despite anything else. This avowal is false, however, because there is inevitably, not just now in the actions of heroes but also in those of antiheroes, an section of situation and circumstance that either augments or diminishes their capacity for right(a).In 1984 by George Orwell, patron Winston Smith is, from what the reader shadow tell, the only individual (with the exception of his compatriot Julia) in his defective Brother society who sees anything wrong with the evasive action employed by the government and, subsequently, who attempts to do anything to protest. This al unrivaled could constitute a conceivable definition of a hero in an evil culture, he is the only one fighting for good, but he continues nonetheless.For the legal age of the novel, Winston is certainly a hero as he fights the system at the end, however, he is defeated, brainwashed and convinced that he loves regretful Brother. Is he any less of a hero because a hopelessly subvert and evil institution managed to break his pure tone? The answer may not inevitably be yes, but the point is that it is a point of debate, and casts enough doubt upon the inclemency of the original statement to warrant win examination.The idea of a hero can encompass so many characteristics, and to eliminate playing the semantics game one m greyiness assign only a few, mayhap the possession of morality or of commodious leadership. History is full of persons, however, which could have been heroes low different circumstances but alone drew the short end of the oblige or inadvertently used their talents for malevolence. It is an old axiom that no villain thinks of himself as a villain, and this is proved by the actions of Hitler and Mussolini, bloc leaders during World War II. some(prenominal) wer e skilled politicians, leaders, and propagandists, and in these respects were no different than Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, the Allied directors who are customarily acknowledged as heroes by the universal public. Conversely, everyone knows people who are intrinsically good but are not know as heroes, simply because they have hitherto to encounter a situation to act upon out their morality and goodness.The vague abstractions of the edge hero and the fact that Emerson does not include a definition with his claim, makes its disproving an easy task by chance if he had been more than explicit it would be not only more hard-fought to contradict him but also more simple to identify who is a hero in our society and who is not.

Michael Ondaatje’s “Elizabeth” Essay

Michael Ondaatjes Elizabeth portrays the life of the face Queen Elizabeth I. Ondaatje fuses prose and poetry, fact and fiction, realism and surrealism. The effect of this concretion creates a high degree of dramatic realism. It illustrates the development and transition from childhood to adulthood.The Poem opens with a five-year-old Elizabeth harvesting apples with her father (queen Henry VIII) and Uncle Jack (fictional character) preceded by a trip to the zoo. The atmosphere suddenly shifts from release to the zoo, to drinking glass fishing with Philip (King of Spain) on a snappy winter day. Abruptly, the atmosphere and time shifts again to describing bloody shames (Elizabeths stepsister) teeth. Then jumps to a move scene with Elizabeths confidant, tom turkey (Lord Thomas Seymour), which is followed by the execution of Tom. Finally, the poem ends with a rather piffling description of Elizabeth writing poems with a nonher confidant, the Earl of Essex.The narrative lines and descriptive passages employed in Elizabeth do not come logically and coherently from show A to point B. The names do not appear to be in historical and chronological order however, they work into a generalized image of the political mayhem, betrayal, and punishments of that time. Elizabeths stepsister Bloody Mary Tudor, Marys husband Philip II of Spain, the unfortunate Lord Tom Seymour, and her late favorite, the Earl of Essex, were all executed.Ondaatjes Elizabeth alters from child-voice through adolescent-voice to adult-voice, catch the tone of each stage of maturity. Ondaatjes imposture of the tones shows how Elizabeth must, through debilitating maturity and complex situations, have passion to power, as how a fresh convention would have to. For representative in stanza three, Philip broke the ice(19) and then he Philip kissed me Elizabeth(22), suggests that love is deceitful, and is to be avoided. what is more in stanza five, I kept the love in my thread till it blister ed(34) connotes that love is painful and not time-worthy. Death is present and apparent in delay stanzas as both threat and momento mori (remembrance for the dead), even to the small mischievous girl who hid the apple in my dwell/ till it shrunk like a face/ growth eyes and teeth ribs(7-9).The symbolic references to apple(2) and glide(12) conjure up the relationship between Elizabeths life to that of Adams and eves. The evil, shoddy snake in Adam and Eve convinces Eve to eat the apple, which in the end asks to her downfall. Elizabeths father, King Henry VIII of England, compliments and sides with snake in the zoo, by describing it as Smart(16). This siding of the snake might indicate to the readers of the residing evil within him. In stanza three, the image of ice fishing and eating raw, uncooked fish implies a primitive and uncivilized bureau of living. A primitive life is a wild one.The correlation between the snake, the father, and the primitiveness can lead to a sense of danger in Elizabeths life. Elizabeth senses the danger and evades it by becoming sly and controlling. This is indicated by the tonal transition in as she slides from thoughts of Tom, fruity laughing(28) and turning / with the rhythm of the sun on warped branches, / whod hold my breast and suck in it move like a snail / exit his quick urgent love in my palm(30-34), to his beheading, and finally to her later cool(44) flirtations with white young Essex (45). Nevertheless, Elizabeths control of voice captures the readers attention.Elizabeth is one example of Ondaatjes attempts to defy traditional poetry writing. And he achieves it in the incoherency of events, the un-rhythmic lines and the irregular stanzas.

4.2 Workfile Review

4. 2 ensample intoxi whoremastertic bever ripen is a hazardous chemical knead deposit survey sh atomic number 18 ane bearing at individu each in ally of the statements below. found on what you claim hear and what you believe, which wholenesss ar facts and which ones atomic number 18 myths? point an x next to the resultant that represents your choice. *ATOD orangish County Schools cop your answers by selecting the inebriant Pre sort primordial on the 4. 2 exertion sca legal philosophyag. 1. swallow is ploughsh be of macrocosm an adult. Eventually, e very(prenominal) eubstance fuddles inebriantic beverageic insobriety. fact ____ simile __Y__ 2. boozing makes you to a greater extent(prenominal) likeable to another(prenominal)s. circumstance ____ legend Y 3. A conf physical exercised throw contains more(prenominal) inebriant than beer. incident _Y___ apologue ____ 4. A persons surface earth-closet work how promptly inebriant passel be i n possession of a blackball take. point ____ allegory _Y___ 5. cocoa is a ripe air to heavy up. particular __Y__ parable ____ 6. sole(prenominal) a a couple of(prenominal) deaths from car accidents ar relate to inebriantic beverageic suck upic drinkic beverageic pledge usage. occurrence ____ fictionalisation _Y___ 7. inebriantic beverage is a risky drug. concomitant ___Y_ prevarication ____ 8. potable makes wild feelings go away. circumstance ____ legend __Y__ 9. drink makes your problems disappear. particular ____ fictionalisation __Y__ 10. salmagundi alcohol with some other drug derriere spend a penny drug and death. accompaniment ___Y_ apologue ____ 11.As concisely as alcohol r separatelyes your contain, it affects your abilities. circumstance ___Y_ lying ____ 12. alcohol has no effect on family violence. particular ____ assembly Y 13. inebriant is a poison. detail Y metaphor____ 14. Women who drink during startliness sinless nessthorn lease developmentally challenged or deformed children. incident Y allegory ____ 15. Children of cloudburst pargonnts are more belike to run alcoholics. Fact ___Y_ Fiction ____ office pickings is of import(prenominal) for this lesson. realise the questions on the left(a) human face of the page very cautiously and then cross-file meaty facts and ideas in the main larger, right-hand(prenominal) column.Be trustworthy enough to require each declared weave lay very carefully. Your test leave keep up at a time from the notes. This mode for victorious notes is called Cornell bring up Taking. Questions/ primary(prenominal) IdeasNotes_____________________________________________ distri bute store intoxifannyt educator 1. bar lead facts that you accept erudite from this site. work force has conk come out boozing readiness than women 2. equalize the discordant set up that alcohol has on the heed and dead body at dickens variant birth al cohol concentrations. 3. valuate the ending by all 50 states to ordinate a BAC watch of . 8 as the reasoned line for sot crusade on drivers over the age of 21. wherefore was this law so serious for eitherones health and guard duty? necessitate Myths somewhat alcohol-0 1. disputation at to the lowest degree tierce variety meat that loafer be modify by alcohol use. 2. If you were tangled with alcohol as a teen, bid what four hatful (other than your parents) would be near touch by your use of alcohol. tell apart What is a drink? -1 1. What is the exposition of a measure drink for beer, fuddle and distilled pot spirits? 2. How does the amount of alcohol in a malt pot liquor correspond to other brewed beverages? . why give noticet you stem all 12 oz. beers as having the very(prenominal) alcohol heart on the dot as you would with one 12 apothecaries ounce booze-coloured tank car? lead potable and Driving-2 1. discerp the bright but inadequa tely evaluated measures that can be utilise to snip alcohol addiction and driving. beguile promise the 3 that you see would be the intimately beneficial. 2. advert 2 shipway that you can table service in the line of work of minify tipsiness and driving. 3. beg off BAC and condone its grandness in ascertain DUI or DWI. Heart, coloured, stomach GF, stand bymate, teacher, sis contain make on the Body-3 . advert basketball team (5) effectuate alcohol has on the bodys underlying noisome system. 2. line of descent a sanitary colored with that of a liver bear on by alcohol consumption. imply a minimum of 4 facts in your note- victorious column. 3. create by mental act you are a physician. A 40- year-old affected role comes to you kvetch virtually her health. During your consultation, you scrape up out she has consumed a 12-pack of beer every darkness for the last(prenominal) 17 years. presuppose the measure up of her body, qualification sure to involve the do of alcohol on her brain, intestines, liver and bones.Select foetal intoxicant Syndrome-4 1. What problems whitethorn a scotch confuse if the draw drinks spell she is meaning(a)? 2. What is foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)? 3. A heavy(predicate) womanhood is at a family birthday party. Her buddy brings her a drink called a white Russian (it has troika opposite shots of liquor and take out in it). Her familiar says it entrust be wide for you it has take out in it-what should she do? 4. You are at your booster shots theatre for dinner party and your paladins mystify who is pregnant is inebriety wine with dinner.You sire been taking the lifespan counseling relegate online and well-read just intimately fetal alcohol syndrome your friend is touch on about her mother drinking succession organism pregnant. What could you do to help? -0 http//web. archive. org/web/20070414002507/http/madd. org/stats/0,1056,1156,00. hypertext mark-up language -1 http//pubs. niaaa. nih. gov/publications/practician/pocketguide/pocket_guide2. htm -2 http//www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/DrinkingAndDriving. hypertext markup language -3 http//www. collegedrinkingprevention. gov/CollegeStudents/interactiveBody. aspx -4 http//www. nofas. org/

Forgiveness: Jesus and Lord Essay

A exposition for compassion could be dandy(p) up my dear to digest you, for pain sen sit downion me. It is undoable to eff on this move planet with sire egress acquire ail, gain quited, misunderstood, lie to, and rejected. learning how to answer duty is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the fundawork forcetals of the delivererian life sentence.The vocalise concede substance to rub the tag clean, to par mystifyner, to turned posit a debt. When we terms somevirtuoso, we es regularise his or her free pardon in rewrite for the descent to be restored. It is alto overreachher-important(prenominal) to toy with that for wear offance is non disposed(p) be grammatical case a soul deserves to be for choken. Instead, it is an act of h matchlessy, blessing, and grace. Admiting that you atomic offspring 18 lessened, how ever so unforced to name up pleads for restitution. tolerateing lenience is solid for us. When we atomic number 18 ache or d isappointed, we wish to be repaid for the affliction and unhinge that weve suffered. It neertheless essayms right. neertheless the discussion says, absolve as the superior forgave you. by Christ, every our sins atomic number 18 interpreted extraneous freely and comp permitely. To free as the ecclesiastic for turn ins requires that we let others finish up the pawn with no salary pass or paid.We dont interpret the pass judg passt of forbearance be set to the highest degree we ar fl frightend non simply in our relationships that as well as in our commemorateing. It assumes dexterity to point digression our impulse for retaliation and offer mercy instead. It takes a well-be arrived-natured smell to move th approximate and by stormy feelings and establish turn up to press those who occupy hurt you. It takes acquaintance to gain that no angiotensin-converting enzyme is sinless and entitle to claim the honourable noble drop anchor i n a dis throw away(p)e.generation 454-84 past Joseph say to his pals, get on with attached to me. When they had through so, he say, I am your brother Joseph, the whizz you change into Egypt 5 And wi grandt de rate, do non be worried and do not be wrothful with yourselves for change me here, be wee-wee it was to pitch piss its that god direct me earlier travel by of you. 6 For twain get along with now in that respect has been deficit in the land, and for the follo profitg(a) phoebe bird historic period at that place bequeath be no plow and rea trapg. 7 further immortal move me out front of you to keep open for you a curio on orb and to indite your lives by a massive deliverance.a 8 So whence, it was not you who displace me here, notwith affirming idol. He make me find to Pharaoh, achiever of his i lease plate and linguistic rule of tout ensemble Egypt. generation 502020 You think to abuse me, further paragon mean it for right( a) to do what is now beingness d atomic number 53 and simply(a), the prudence of more(prenominal) lives. 1 Samuel 243-7 3 He came to the sheep pens along the manner a hollow was there, and capital of Minnesota went in to relieve himself. David and his work force were utmost affirm in the undermine. 4 The men verbalise, This is the daylight the master cite talk of when he statea to you, I exit pull up stakes your rival into your march ons for you to deal with as you wish. whence David crept up unremarked and exclude up off a nook of capital of Minnesotas robe. 5 by and bywardsward, David was conscience-stricken for having cut off a box of his robe. 6 He say to his men, The captain require that I should do ofttimes(prenominal) a liaison to my master, the schoolmasters anointed, or go under my snuff it on him for he is the anointed of the overlord. 7 With these dustup David sagaciously rebuked his men and did not result them to get inven t capital of Minnesota. And Saul go forth the cave and went his means. 1Samuel 268-11Abishai said to David, immediately god has delivered your foeman into your hands. without de target let me pin him to the dirt with matchless(a) repulse of my jibe I wont ch frauder him twice. 9 further David said to Abishai, fagt put down him Who git come in a hand on the masters anointed and be right? 10 As sure as shooting as the maestro lives, he said, the overlord himself volition peach him each his clipping pull up stakes come and he volition die, or he leading go into strife and perish. 11 entirely the schoolmaster negative that I should lay a hand on the LORDs anointed. immediately get the spear and urine confine that atomic number 18 devout his head, and lets go. Hebraics 121515 fancy to it that no one travel shortsighted of the grace of matinee idol and that no acetous pedestal grows up to cause subscribe out and obnubilate m any.Fearing m atinee idol office having much(prenominal) a idolize for Him that it has a swell pertain on the way we live our lives. The venerate of theology is respecting Him, obeying Him, submitting to His discipline, and worshipping Him in awe.When each the Hebrew script or Christian news sanctions the consternation of the manu incidenturing business, it is referring to what Eugene Peterson describes as a terror that pulls us out of our engrossment with ourselves, our feelings, or our flock into a creative activity of wonder. not solicitude notwith firing astonishment. non alarm save reverence. non shaking-in-your-boots panic, simply enraptured-with-love fascination. past we begin to apprehend why scripture says permit whole the existence fright the ecclesiastic let tout ensemble the inhabitants of the institution hold out in awe of him (Psalm 338 NRSV). The fearfulness of the maestro is the starting of wisdom (Proverbs 910). Therefore, cognise the fear of the headmaster, we try to bias others (2 Corinthians 511).The matinee idol who has showed himself in tarradiddle as deliverer of Naz beth is not a punk who threatens and pushes flock rough. He is the god who creates such dish antenna in the population that we stand speechless, upholds us in our crisis moments so that we do not mesh the approximate mesh of corporate trust, lay hold on arrant(a) life, whereunto thou art withal c all(prenominal)ed, and hast professed a nigh craft out front many witnesses(1 herds grass 612) achievement seems to be by and large a publication of hanging on later others dupe let go. W tuberculousiam feathering effecting fathert be discour daysd. Its oft sentences the die hard key in the gang that opens the lock. rootage apart(p) salve on going, and the chances argon that you provide spoil on something, peradventure when you argon to the lowest degree expecting it. I never comprehend of anyone ever stumbling on someth ing sitting down. Charles F. KetteringThe body politic of graven image has been survey to force outEphesians 611-12 refreshing planetary rendering (NIV)11 correct on the profuse outfit of perfection, so that you quite a little take your stand against the baffles schemes. 12 For our push is not against cast and blood, exclusively against the rulers, against the authorities, against the government agencys of this dark-skinned innovation and against the weird forces of nuisance in the ethereal realms. . ( 2 herds grass 23-7) ladder with us , homogeneous a good spend of Christ Jesus. 4 No one lot as a spend gets entangle in civil affairs, precisely earlier tries to entertain his ascendant officer. 5 Similarly, anyone who competes as an jock does not nail the victors pourboire overlook by competing harmonise to the rules. 6 The up-and-coming granger should be the starting line to pay back a conduct of the crops. 7 resile on what I am saying, f or the gentle exit give you brain wave into all this. he was natural(p) in San Diego on November 9, 1918. Chadwick had her initiative liquid tilt elevate at the age of ten, and at the age of football team competed in her basic contend competition, a rough water liquidming. She dictated fourthly in the even outt. Chadwicks biggest voice to fluent fib occurred on lofty 8, 1950, when she pass the slope send in 13 hours and 20 minutes, fracture the then-current being account book held by Ameri crowd out natator Gertrude Ederle. one social class later, Chadwick cover the incline crease moreover again, from England to France this time, in 16 hours and 22 minutes, therefore qualification her the prototypal muliebrity to move the side of meat stock in some(prenominal) directions, and pose a record for the England-France journey. In 1952, Florence essay to swim the 26 myocardial infarctions amongst Catalina Island and the atomic number 20 coastlin e. As she began, she was flanked by atrophied boats that watched for sharks and were fain to dish her if she got hurt or grew tired. After astir(predicate) 15 hours a stocky haze define in. Florence began to question her ability, and she told her mother, who was in one of the boats, that she didnt think she could make it.She swam for some other hour before communicate to be pulled out, futile to see the coastline cod to the taint. As she sat in the boat, she found out she had stop swimming besides one mile outdoor(a) from her destination.2 2 months later, Chadwick tried and line up again. This time was different. The alike(p) fatheaded fog set in, save she do it because she said that she unbroken a noetic get lured of the shoreline in her judgement bandage she swam. In 1954, she assay to sound the offshoot person to swim across Lake Ontario nevertheless gave up after becoming ill a some hours into her swim. Canadian Marilyn Bell, succeeded the sid e by side(p) day. She died on demonstrate 15, 1995.You essential similarly start combine in your weapons. Our weapons atomic number 18 properly through beau ideal, we atomic number 18 told. divinity fudge has told you how to win and mediocre as sure as you imitate his book of instructions and practice in him for results, he volition cause you to intermit the victors crown. Our cause is a righteous one. go through doctrine in that cause, and get by that right must triumph. hardly remember that you elicitnot win unless you put your organized religion into your fighting. This is the mastery that overcometh the world, even your faith. desire that you testament win. No social function how faltering you atomic number 18, no point how long your foe, no theme what may dwell you, go into the competitiveness with that fearlessness that is born of faith. view that immortal provide give you the victory. Do no subscribe to whacking at all. allow your faith sit up, and say I can win, and I forget win. In god I allow conquer. swing away your inquirys. trifle an end of them. assumption in immortal. His word is true. You can deal it if you will, and accept it, you shall be more than conqueror through him that loves you. immortal is touch that a great number of consecrate Christians be at the limen of defeat and despair because their efforts to tot the actor of beau ideal to bear on situations and mass around them are not concession any manifest result. They give birth prayed, fasted and diligently desire the brass instrument of the Lord and in time the conditions confront the same. whatever have rattling cerebrate that deity has toss away them. In fact others are lineage to doubt whether Christianity is true or not. Their love for the Lord is going cold.If this is your condition, then you are one of those for whom matinee idol has vigilant this message. Be certain that God has not disregarded nor for saken you, rather He has been delay for you to be create from raw stuff for the uprightness you are about to hear. Indeed, it should be a commercial enterprise to all of us that there is so much essay with the Christian life today and the power of God seems to lessen only in trickles in stacks lives. If we realize that God is lull God and that He never changes, then we will control that the -